"Education is the methods by which a society gets from one generation to the next. This includes knowledge, culture, and values. Individually the student develops physically, mentally, emotionally, morally, and socially."
Learning Theory - Apperception or Herbartianism - Neutral-passive mind composed of mental states.
Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist,
and educator. He is acknowledged to be the “father of scientific
pedagogy.” An empiricist educator influenced by Immanuel Kant,
Herbart stressed the importance of the relevance of information to
the learner. Herbart's ideas stem from his analysis of experience. He
believed that all mental activities were the result of interactions
of numerous elementary ideas, rather than all concepts
stemming from a one set of mental ideas which was the predominant
view of that time.
Herbart believed that educational methods should be based on
psychology and ethics: psychology to furnish necessary knowledge of
the mind and ethics to be used as a basis for determining the social
ends of education. Herbart’s system of philosophy and analysis
of experience includes logic, metaphysics and aesthetics as
coordinate elements.
Herbart’s success in stressing the study of the psychological
processes of learning as a means of devising educational programs
based on the aptitudes, abilities, and interests of students led to
their adoption in the teacher-training systems of many countries.
Herbart and his followers designed a 5-step teaching method: